A Framework to Preserve and Examine Pandemic-Healthcare-Data Using IoMT

Resent advancement in networking and communication system helped to enhance various domains, including the healthcare. The invention of the cloud computing, Internet of medical things (IoMT), and artificial intelligence (AI) invented the Healthcare 4.0, which supports the monitoring and examination of a variety of medical information using the digital techniques. This research aims to develop a diagnostic framework for the pandemic-healthcare-data (PHD) using the IoMT scheme. The proposed framework considers the examination of the patients admitted with the COVID-19 infection and supports the following procedures;(i) collecting the preliminary information about the patient, (ii) collecting the disease information, (iii) getting the experts opinion regarding the treatment planning and implementation, (iv) monitoring the patient, and (v) preserving the disease information for future use. The proposed scheme is developed by considering the COVID-19 PHD, and the methodology employed is discussed with a chosen procedures. When this scheme is implemented, the preserved data can be used to develop a medical model, which supports a quick diagnosis and timely treatment to recover the patient. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

COVID-19 Classification Using Medical Image Synthesis by Generative Adversarial Networks

The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019, also called COVID-19, in Wuhan, China, began in December 2019. Since its outbreak, infectious disease has rapidly spread across the globe. The testing methods adopted by the medical practitioners gave false negatives, which is a big challenge. Medical imaging using deep learning can be adopted to speed up the testing process and avoid false negatives. This work proposes a novel approach, COVID-19 GAN, to perform coronavirus disease classification using medical image synthesis by a generative adversarial network. Detecting coronavirus infections from the chest X-ray images is very crucial for its early diagnosis and effective treatment. To boost the performance of the deep learning model and improve the accuracy of classification, synthetic data augmentation is performed using generative adversarial networks. Here, the available COVID-19 positive chest X-ray images are fed into the styleGAN2 model. The styleGAN model is trained, and the data necessary for training the deep learning model for coronavirus classification is generated. The generated COVID-19 positive chest X-ray images and the normal chest X-ray images are fed into the deep learning model for training. An accuracy of 99.78% is achieved in classifying chest X-ray images using CNN binary classifier model.

Res-UNet Supported Segmentation and Evaluation of COVID19 Lesion in Lung CT

COVID19 is one of the hash lung infections;which causes severe pneumonia in humans and untreated infection will lead to death. The goal of this study is to employ an automated Infection-Segmentation-Scheme (ISS) to extract and evaluate the COVID19 lesion on CT scans of the Lungs. This work implemented a Convolution-Neural-Network (CNN) scheme called Res-UNet to study the CT slices of the lungs. The various phases of this research involve in;(i) 3D to 2D conversion and resizing, (ii) Implementation of CNN segmentation scheme, (iii) Comparison of mined COVID19 lesion with Ground-Truth (GT) and (iv) Validation. In this study, 200 CT images (10 patients x 20 slices/patient) of dimension 224× 224× 3 pixels are considered for the assessment and the Image-Quality-Measures (IQM), like Jaccard, Dice ad Accuracy are computed between extracted lesion and the GT. The experimental outcome confirms that the result of Res-UNet is better on sagittal-view of CT compared to axial and coronal. © 2021 IEEE.

Automated Segmentation of COVID-19 Lesion from Lung CT Images Using U-Net Architecture

Pneumonia caused by the novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is emerged as a global threat and considerably affected a large population globally irrespective of their age, race, and gender. Due to its rapidity and the infection rate, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared this disease as a pandemic. The proposed research work aims to develop an automated COVID-19 lesion segmentation system using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture called the U-Net. The traditional U-Net scheme is employed to examine the COVID-19 infection present in the lung CT images. This scheme is implemented on the benchmark COVID-19 images existing in the literature (300 images) and the segmentation performance of the U-Net is confirmed by computing the essential performance measures using a relative assessment among the extracted lesion and the Ground-Truth (GT). The overall result attained with the proposed study confirms that, the U-Net scheme helps to get the better values for the performance values, such as Jaccard (>86%), Dice (>92%) and segmentation accuracy (>95%). © 2021, ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.

Social Group Optimization-Assisted Kapur's Entropy and Morphological Segmentation for Automated Detection of COVID-19 Infection from Computed Tomography Images.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has been declared a global pandemic. Due to its infection rate and severity, it has emerged as one of the major global threats of the current generation. To support the current combat against the disease, this research aims to propose a machine learning-based pipeline to detect COVID-19 infection using lung computed tomography scan images (CTI). This implemented pipeline consists of a number of sub-procedures ranging from segmenting the COVID-19 infection to classifying the segmented regions. The initial part of the pipeline implements the segmentation of the COVID-19-affected CTI using social group optimization-based Kapur's entropy thresholding, followed by k-means clustering and morphology-based segmentation. The next part of the pipeline implements feature extraction, selection, and fusion to classify the infection. Principle component analysis-based serial fusion technique is used in fusing the features and the fused feature vector is then employed to train, test, and validate four different classifiers namely Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine with Radial Basis Function, and Decision Tree. Experimental results using benchmark datasets show a high accuracy (> 91%) for the morphology-based segmentation task; for the classification task, the KNN offers the highest accuracy among the compared classifiers (> 87%). However, this should be noted that this method still awaits clinical validation, and therefore should not be used to clinically diagnose ongoing COVID-19 infection.